Journal: Biophysics and Physicobiology

Article Title: Molecular properties of a viral heliorhodopsin, V2HeR2

doi: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v22.0024

Figure Lengend Snippet: UV-visible absorption spectrum of V2HeR2, which were solubilized in 0.1% DDM at pH 7.5.

Article Snippet: For light-adapted V2HeR2, the sample solution was illuminated with 540±10 nm light (interference filter, Toshiba) for 1 min before denaturation and extraction.

Techniques:

Journal: Biophysics and Physicobiology

Article Title: Molecular properties of a viral heliorhodopsin, V2HeR2

doi: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v22.0024

Figure Lengend Snippet: UV-visible absorption of heliorhodopsin V2HeR2 at different pH values. (a) (b) Red-shift of UV-visible absorption spectrum of V2HeR2, and protonation of the counterion. UV-visible absorption spectra (a) and the λ max (orange circles) of V2HeR2 at pH 0.70–7.28 (b). (c) (d) Deprotonation of the retinal Schiff base of V2HeR2 at alkaline pH. Difference absorption spectra (c) and absorption change at λ=520 nm (blue circles) of V2HeR2 upon pH change from 8.68 to higher values. pKa value indicates mean±s.d., which is fitted with the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation (dashed line). This experiment was performed once.

Article Snippet: For light-adapted V2HeR2, the sample solution was illuminated with 540±10 nm light (interference filter, Toshiba) for 1 min before denaturation and extraction.

Techniques:

Journal: Biophysics and Physicobiology

Article Title: Molecular properties of a viral heliorhodopsin, V2HeR2

doi: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v22.0024

Figure Lengend Snippet: HPLC pattern of retinal extracted from V2HeR2 in the dark (black line) and under illumination at λ=540±10 nm (red line). Most of the retinal (95%) bound to V2HeR2 adopts an all- trans configuration in the dark (n=3). When the retinal is extracted after illumination, the proportion of the 13- cis form increased to 25% (n=2).

Article Snippet: For light-adapted V2HeR2, the sample solution was illuminated with 540±10 nm light (interference filter, Toshiba) for 1 min before denaturation and extraction.

Techniques:

Journal: Biophysics and Physicobiology

Article Title: Molecular properties of a viral heliorhodopsin, V2HeR2

doi: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v22.0024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photocycle of V2HeR2. (a) Time evolutions of transient absorption change at specific wavelengths. Samples were excited at 532 nm. Each of the wavelengths probes different photochemical species: 400 nm for the M intermediate; 520 nm for the bleached dark state; and 570 nm for the K and O intermediates. (b) Photoreaction schema of V2HeR2, determined by the multi-exponential fitting for the time evolution of the transient absorption changes shown in (a).

Article Snippet: For light-adapted V2HeR2, the sample solution was illuminated with 540±10 nm light (interference filter, Toshiba) for 1 min before denaturation and extraction.

Techniques:

Journal: Biophysics and Physicobiology

Article Title: Molecular properties of a viral heliorhodopsin, V2HeR2

doi: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v22.0024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Light-induced difference FTIR spectra of V2HeR2 at 100 K (top panel), V2HeR3 at 100 K (middle panel) and TaHeR at 77 K (bottom panel) in the 1800–800 cm –1 region. The sample was reconstituted into lipid membranes, and membrane films are hydrated with H 2 O (black line) and D 2 O (red line). The spectra of V2HeR3 and TaHeR are reproduced from and , respectively.

Article Snippet: For light-adapted V2HeR2, the sample solution was illuminated with 540±10 nm light (interference filter, Toshiba) for 1 min before denaturation and extraction.

Techniques: Membrane

Journal: Biophysics and Physicobiology

Article Title: Molecular properties of a viral heliorhodopsin, V2HeR2

doi: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v22.0024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Light-induced difference FTIR spectra of V2HeR2 at 293 K (top panel)), V2HeR3 at 240 K (middle panel) and TaHeR at 293 K (bottom panel)) in the 1800–800 cm –1 region. The spectra of V2HeR3 and TaHeR are reproduced from . Note that the spectra of V2HeR2 and TaHeR were obtained for membrane films in buffer by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, while those of V2HeR3 were obtained for hydrated films by low-temperature transmission FTIR spectroscopy.

Article Snippet: For light-adapted V2HeR2, the sample solution was illuminated with 540±10 nm light (interference filter, Toshiba) for 1 min before denaturation and extraction.

Techniques: Membrane, Spectroscopy, Transmission Assay

Journal: Plants

Article Title: Growth, Ecophysiological Responses, and Leaf Mineral Composition of Lettuce and Curly Endive in Hydroponic and Aquaponic Systems

doi: 10.3390/plants13202852

Figure Lengend Snippet: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of all the analyzed variables of both species grown in two different cultivation systems.

Article Snippet: Chlorophyll “ a ” fluorescence emission was assessed on the same leaves using a compact plant stress kit, which included a light-adapted Φ PSII meter, a dark-adapted F v /F m meter, and 10 dark-adaptation leaf clips (Opti-Sciences Inc., Hudson, TX, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Plants

Article Title: Growth, Ecophysiological Responses, and Leaf Mineral Composition of Lettuce and Curly Endive in Hydroponic and Aquaponic Systems

doi: 10.3390/plants13202852

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gas exchanges and chlorophyll “a” fluorescence emission in terms of leaf net photosynthesis (P n ), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (F v /F m ), actual yield of PSII (Φ PSII ), linear electron transport rate (ETR), intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), and relative water content (RWC) in lettuce (L) and curly endive (CE) grown under aquaponic (AQ) and hydroponic (H) systems.

Article Snippet: Chlorophyll “ a ” fluorescence emission was assessed on the same leaves using a compact plant stress kit, which included a light-adapted Φ PSII meter, a dark-adapted F v /F m meter, and 10 dark-adaptation leaf clips (Opti-Sciences Inc., Hudson, TX, USA).

Techniques: Fluorescence